Pelvic & Belly Pain · Connective Tissue Medicine
Endometriosis, Hypermobility, and the Pain That Isn’t Coming From Your Uterus
Endometriosis is real. It is common. And most women wait years to be believed. But here is what almost nobody tells you. Endometriosis is often not the only thing causing your pain. Sometimes it is not the cause at all. If we can press on one spot and bring your pain back, and a numbing shot changes it, that pain is coming from your belly wall. Not your uterus.
· What endometriosis is · How doctors diagnose it now · The hypermobility link · Pain that copies it · LDN, GLP-1, shockwave, PEMF
Jacques Courseault, MD, CAQSM, FAAPMR · The Fascia Institute and Treatment Center®
Most women who come to us have the same story. Years of pain. A long wait before anyone took it seriously. Then a name: endometriosis. Often surgery, too.
And then the pain came back. Or it never really left. And nobody knew what to try next.
This article pulls apart two questions. Doctors mix them up all the time.
1. Do you have endometriosis? That is a question about disease. Your history, an exam, imaging, and sometimes surgery can answer it.
2. What tissue is causing the pain you feel today? That is a different question. Having endometriosis does not answer it.
Both can be true at once. You can have real endometriosis, proven by biopsy. And most of today’s pain can still be coming from your belly wall, your pelvic floor muscles, or your low back.
The research on this is much stronger than most patients are told. And it changes what should happen next.
Our approach is the same for everyone. It has two steps. First, find the real source of the pain. The exact tissue. Not a general area, and not a guess. Second, find the right tool to fix it. Then use the tools in the right order. Most people who reach us never got step one. That is why step two never worked. You cannot pick the right tool if nobody found the target.
01 · The Disease
What endometriosis actually is
Endometriosis is when tissue like the lining of your uterus grows outside the uterus. It usually grows on the lining of the pelvis, on the ovaries, or behind the uterus. Sometimes it grows on the bowel, the bladder, the breathing muscle under your ribs, or the belly wall.
This tissue feeds on estrogen. And it causes inflammation.
Doctors used to treat it as a local problem in the pelvis. Most experts now describe it another way. They call it a whole-body disease. Long-lasting, inflammatory, and driven by estrogen.1
The World Health Organization thinks about 10% of women of childbearing age have it. That is roughly 190 million people.2 Be careful with any single number, though. US surveys say about 6%. Insurance records say about 2%. Surgery studies say more. That gap is not a mistake. It shows how much endometriosis never gets found.3
Where it comes from is still an open question
The leading idea is called retrograde menstruation. Some period blood flows backward through the tubes and lands in the pelvis.
There is a problem with that idea. Backward flow happens in most women who ovulate. Only about one in ten gets endometriosis. And it cannot explain disease in the chest, or on the breathing muscle, or in women with no uterus. Several other ideas have evidence behind them too. There is probably more than one cause.
It is also a scarring disease — and that matters here
A review of 142 studies found that scarring is not a side effect of endometriosis. It is central to it.4 Cells change into a type that lays down collagen and pulls tissue tight. The pelvis ends up stiff, tethered, and scarred.
That is a connective tissue problem. It is one reason endometriosis and fascia pain are so easy to mix up. And one reason they happen together so often. Scar tissue in the pelvis does not care where the gynecology label ends and the muscle label begins.
02 · Diagnosis
How doctors diagnose it now — and what changed
For years, the rule was that only surgery could prove endometriosis. A surgeon had to look inside with a camera. That rule is gone. In 2026, all three major guideline groups agree.
- · ESHRE, 2022. Surgery is no longer the gold standard. You can start with imaging and treatment, or you can start with surgery. Neither path has proven better. Surgery makes sense when the scan is negative and treatment has not worked.8
- · NICE, updated November 2024. Every woman with suspected endometriosis should be offered an internal ultrasound, ordered by her regular doctor. And this, in plain words: do not rule out endometriosis just because the exam and the ultrasound look normal.9
- · ACOG, 2026. This is ACOG’s first full guideline on diagnosing endometriosis. Your symptoms and your exam are enough to start medicine. You do not need surgery first. Ultrasound comes first for imaging. MRI is for planning surgery on deep disease.10
This is real progress. Making women earn a diagnosis through surgery was a big reason the average wait is still 5 to 11 years.5
But a normal scan does not mean you are fine
This is the part that keeps getting dropped. And it matters most to the women reading this.
Ultrasound and MRI are good at finding cysts on the ovaries. They are good at finding large, deep growths. They are bad at finding the flat, shallow kind on the surface of the pelvic lining. That shallow kind is the most common kind.
The Cochrane review looked at this closely. Ultrasound found ovarian cysts about 93% of the time. It found deep disease about 79% of the time. But no scan of any type has ever been shown to find shallow surface disease.11 Even the best recent study, done at an expert center, caught only about half of shallow cases. The authors said it plainly. A normal scan does not prove you do not have it.12
A positive scan tells you a lot. A negative scan tells you very little. “Your ultrasound was clean” is not a reason to stop looking. It is also not proof that the pain must be endometriosis nobody can see. It is a reason for someone to examine you properly.
Blood tests and saliva tests
There is still no blood test that can diagnose endometriosis. Cochrane reviewed 141 studies covering more than 15,000 women. None of the tests worked well enough. CA-125, the one doctors order most, caught only about 40% of cases at the usual cutoff.13 ACOG’s 2026 guideline says not to use blood, urine, or tissue markers to diagnose endometriosis. That includes CA-125.10
Saliva tests are getting attention. A large French study reported very high accuracy. One test is now covered in France under a special program. But it has no FDA approval. Researchers are still testing whether it actually helps patients in real practice. And it cannot tell you where the disease is, how bad it is, or rule anything else out. We watch this closely. We do not treat it as an answer yet.
Words you may see on your report
Two systems are worth knowing. IDEA is the standard checklist and vocabulary for endometriosis ultrasound. It is why a modern scan report is organized and easy to compare.14 #Enzian describes where the disease sits, area by area. It works for both scans and surgery. And it handles deep disease better than the older ASRM staging system.15
03 · Symptoms
The symptoms — and why the stage doesn’t tell you how much it hurts
ACOG says to suspect endometriosis when any one of these is present, whether or not it follows your cycle: pelvic pain, painful periods, pain with sex, painful urination, painful bowel movements, or trouble getting pregnant along with any of those.10
| Symptom | What it looks like |
|---|---|
| Painful periods | Period pain that stops you. Not period pain you push through. Reported in about half to over 80% of studies, depending on who was included. |
| Pelvic pain not tied to your cycle | The most telling symptom in US national data. About 37% of women with endometriosis, versus 14% of women without it.3 |
| Pain with sex | Deep pain during sex, often worse in certain positions. Reported in 30% to 77% of studies. Growths behind the uterus are one of the few findings that reliably match a specific symptom.16 |
| Pain with bowel movements or urination | Usually worse around your period. |
| Fatigue | Frequent fatigue in about 51% of women with endometriosis, versus 22% of women without it, in a study of 1,120 women. It stayed after the researchers accounted for pain, sleep, depression, and weight. And it had nothing to do with how bad the disease looked.17 |
| Trouble getting pregnant | Commonly reported in 30% to 50% of women with endometriosis. |
| Rare and easy to miss | Endometriosis on the breathing muscle or in the chest. Right shoulder pain, chest pain, or a collapsed lung that happens with your period. Rare, but real. And it gets missed for years. |
Stage tells you how hard the surgery is, not how much it hurts
This is one of the best-proven facts in the field. It is also one of the least shared.
- · In 1,054 women having their first surgery, the link between stage and symptoms was weak and inconsistent.16
- · A recent review of many studies found that pain levels are not tied to stage at all.18
- · In 52 women having surgery for suspected endometriosis, pain scores were the same whether or not they had endometriosis. They were the same across stages, too. What did track with pain was the number of immune cells in the pelvic fluid.19
- · Brain scans show the same thing from another angle. Women who had endometriosis and pain showed changes in several brain areas. Women who had endometriosis and no pain showed none of those changes. The brain followed the pain, not the disease.20
Not to make the disease sound small. The opposite. If stage does not predict pain, then “your endometriosis was mild” is not a reason to doubt what you feel. And “your endometriosis was severe” does not prove the growths are what hurt today. Both mistakes send women down the wrong path.
04 · The Hypermobile Body
Endometriosis and hypermobility: what the research really shows
Many of the women we see for pelvic and belly pain are hypermobile. That means their joints move farther than most people’s joints do.
It runs on a scale. Some people are bendy with no problems at all. Some have hypermobility spectrum disorder, or HSD. Some have hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, or hEDS.
We are going to be careful here. This is an area where confident claims run far ahead of the evidence.
What is solid: hypermobile women have a lot of pelvic and period trouble
This part of the research is strong. It deserves more attention than it gets.
- · 386 women with hEDS were studied at a French expert center. They filled out forms and were examined in person by a senior gynecologist. Heavy bleeding, 76%. Painful periods, 72%. Painful sex, 43%. And about a third said their hEDS symptoms got worse around every period.21
- · In 82 women with joint hypermobility: painful periods 82.9%. Heavy or irregular bleeding in about half. Painful sex or vulva pain 31.7%. And poor scar healing after a C-section or episiotomy in 46.1%.22
- · One study compared 60 hypermobile women to 60 matched controls. Urine leaking, 73.3% versus 48.3%. The hypermobile women also had worse prolapse on exam, and worse quality of life in every area measured.23 One other study found no link, so this is strong but not unanimous.24
- · Across the research, prolapse in EDS runs 13% to 75%. Urine leaking, 38% to 60%. Pelvic pain, 13% to 75%. Painful sex, 30% to 77%.25 The ranges are wide because the studies are small and done differently. But the direction is clear.
- · Prolapse in a child, a man, or a woman who has never given birth is actually part of the official hEDS checklist.26
So if you are hypermobile and your periods are brutal, sex hurts, and your pelvic floor does not work right — that is a known pattern. It is not in your head. And you do not need an endometriosis diagnosis to make it real.
What is truly unsettled: whether endometriosis itself is more common
The two best studies point in opposite directions. We would rather tell you that than pick the one we like.
The biggest study used a US medical records network, with about 50,000 patients in each group. Endometriosis showed up in 6.3% of women with EDS and 0.9% of matched controls. That looks like seven times more. Pelvic pain, painful sex, and prolapse were all much higher too.27
Here is the problem. That 0.9% is about ten times lower than the real rate we know about. So the comparison group was badly under-diagnosed. Meanwhile, women with EDS see more doctors and get more scans and more surgeries. So more of their endometriosis gets found. The real difference is almost certainly much smaller than seven times.
In the best hands-on study — those 386 hEDS women examined by a gynecologist — endometriosis was not more common than usual. The authors reached an important conclusion. Knowing what hEDS pelvic pain looks like helps doctors tell it apart from endometriosis. And it helps avoid surgery that will not help.21
Two other numbers sit in between. A 1995 study of 41 women at an EDS clinic found 27%.28 A 2025 online survey of about 3,400 people who said they had hEDS found 18.5%.29 Neither one confirmed the diagnoses. Both drew from people who sought them out. Those are not real rates.
There are two claims we will not repeat, because we traced them and they do not hold up. One says that “60% of women with stage IV endometriosis are hypermobile.” That comes from a single paper in a journal outside this field, with suspiciously round numbers and no control group. The other says that “6 to 23% of people with EDS have endometriosis.” There is no original source for it at all.
What is an honest guess
The biology lines up in an interesting way. Endometriosis growths are built by cells that lay down collagen and pull it tight, driven by a signal called TGF-beta.4 Skin cells from people with hEDS and HSD act like those same cells. They also break down the tissue around them too fast. And their blood carries measurable pieces of broken-down connective tissue.30,31 Human fascia cells change how much collagen they make, depending on hormone levels.32 Estrogen makes tendons and ligaments looser. Joint looseness shifts across the menstrual cycle.
All of that is real. But nobody has studied endometriosis growths in hEDS patients. hEDS has no known gene and no proven TGF-beta problem. And hypermobility was left out of every large genetic study of endometriosis. The shared-collagen story is a reasonable idea that people are working on. It is not a finding. We will not present it as one.
Mast cells: be careful here
Mast cells are immune cells that release histamine. Inside endometriosis growths, they are well documented. There are more of them, they are more active, and they sit right next to nerve fibers. The highest counts are in deep growths, which are the most painful kind.33 That part is solid.
Saying that a whole-body condition called mast cell activation syndrome, or MCAS, links endometriosis and hypermobility is a different claim. Right now that claim is being challenged hard. Several papers from allergy specialists in 2025 and 2026 found no evidence that MCAS is more common in hEDS or POTS. One review found that not a single study had properly diagnosed MCAS using set criteria alongside POTS or EDS.34 The famous papers behind the hEDS-POTS-MCAS “triad” are opinion reviews. They did not count anything.35 We treat mast cell symptoms when we see them. We will not build a diagnosis on a triad the research does not currently support.
Dysautonomia and POTS
POTS means your heart races when you stand up, along with other signs that your nervous system is not regulating well. The best data comes from a specialty center. Among 1,322 women seen for POTS, 17.3% had endometriosis. That was higher than the general population. It was also higher than the 10.2% in their own comparison group, who tested negative for POTS. In about two-thirds of the women with both, endometriosis came first.36
A separate survey looked at people whose POTS started in childhood. Endometriosis showed up in 8.9%, which is not higher than average. But 72% said their POTS got worse around their periods.37 That was a young group, where endometriosis is probably still undiagnosed.
The one thing both conditions clearly share
Both endometriosis and hEDS are strongly linked to a nervous system that has learned to turn up the volume on pain.38,39 In 150 adults with hEDS or HSD, only three things predicted it: fatigue, pain, and heart-related dysautonomia.40
This is the most solid link between the two. And it has a real consequence, which we come back to in section 09. A high pain-sensitivity score before surgery predicts pain that lasts after surgery.41
Hypermobility is a body type, not automatically a disorder. Think of a Ferrari. High performance, high maintenance. It becomes a disorder when it is not cared for right. The 2017 criteria are imperfect and are being revised. We do not use them to turn people away. It does not matter where you fall on the scale. A body that is not working right is not working right, whether a little or a lot. We will still treat you. More about our Hypermobility & EDS clinic →
05 · The Mix-Up
The pain that gets blamed on endometriosis — but isn’t
This is the heart of this article. Pain in the belly wall, the pelvic floor, and the low back gets blamed on endometriosis all the time. Much of the time it is coming from muscle and fascia instead. And that changes everything about how to treat it.
Two words first. Fascia is the connective tissue that wraps and links your muscles and organs. Myofascial pain means pain coming from muscle and fascia.
The numbers
- · The cleanest study. Researchers examined three groups. 18 women with biopsy-proven endometriosis and pain. 11 women with pelvic pain whose surgery found no endometriosis. And 20 women with no pain. Skin that hurt to light touch: 83%, 82%, and 15%. Tender muscle knots: 94% and 91% in the two pain groups. The muscle findings followed the pain, not the disease.7
- · In endometriosis specifically. Of 175 women with endometriosis, 48% had muscle and fascia pelvic pain on exam. Those women had worse endometriosis pain scores, worse quality of life in every area, and higher pain-sensitivity scores.42
- · In everyone with pelvic symptoms. Doctors checked the pelvic floor muscles of 833 new patients by hand. 85% had muscle pain. Half of those were severe.43 When clinics check everybody, instead of only the women who complain, the numbers land at the high end of a 14% to 78% range.44
- · The belly wall’s share. Reviews estimate that up to 20% of “unexplained” belly pain actually comes from the belly wall itself.45 The research describes this pain as one that gets misread as an organ problem. And it lists endometriosis as one of the things it gets confused with.46
And after surgery
- · In one trial, some women got real surgery and some got fake surgery, and nobody knew which. Real surgery worked better. But about 20% of women got no relief at all. And the fake surgery helped about 30% of women, no matter how bad their disease was.6
- · In 176 women followed 2 to 5 years after expert surgery, 36% needed another operation. When surgeons went back in, they found endometriosis in only 68% of them. About a third of repeat surgeries for returning pain found no endometriosis at all.47
- · Most studies on “recurrence” do not separate pain coming back from growths coming back.48 That is exactly the difference that matters here.
We went looking for a study that says what percent of women with lasting pain after endometriosis surgery have belly wall or pelvic floor muscle pain. That study does not exist. The pieces above support the idea strongly. The single headline number is not out there. Anyone who quotes one is making it up.
06 · The Bedside Test
If we can touch it, and a shot changes it, it isn’t your uterus
This is the most useful idea in this article. And it costs almost nothing to check.
Your organs are not tender when someone presses on your belly wall. Muscle and fascia are. So if pressing on one exact spot brings your pain back, the pain is coming from the wall.
There is a trick that makes this even clearer. Tighten your stomach muscles, like you are starting a sit-up. That pulls your organs away from the examining finger. If the tenderness gets worse, the problem is in the wall. This is called Carnett’s sign. Doctors described it a hundred years ago. They still do not use it enough.
What the research says
- · In 120 emergency patients with belly pain, 24 were tender on the wall. Only one of those 24 turned out to have a problem inside the abdomen.49 A follow-up study of 72 patients with unexplained belly pain and a positive test found they “generated a good deal of investigation and a number of surgical procedures.” And almost none of them had anything serious.50
- · The trial that matters. 48 patients got a shot in a tender spot in the belly wall. Half got numbing medicine. Half got salt water. Nobody knew which. Success: 13 of 24 with the numbing medicine. 4 of 24 with salt water. That gap is real (P = 0.007).51 It proves the response to a belly wall shot is the medicine actually working. It is not a placebo. It is not just the needle. And that is why a shot can tell us the pain is in the wall and not in an organ.
If we can put a finger on it, and a well-placed numbing shot changes it, then that pain is not endometriosis pain. Whatever else is going on in your pelvis. It is coming from something we can reach. And things we can reach are things we can treat.
One good shot is a clue, not proof. The salt water still worked 17% of the time. We look for the result to repeat. We look for it to last longer than the drug should. And we look for it to fit the rest of the picture.
Numbing medicine spreads. A shot aimed at the wall can numb nearby things too. That causes false positives. It is a good reason to use ultrasound instead of guessing.
A shot alone rarely cures it. In 186 patients with lasting belly wall pain after surgery, shots alone worked long-term in only 24 of them. That is about 13%.52 The shot is mostly a test. It tells us where to aim the real treatment.
A positive test can come from a lump. Tumors and hernias in the belly wall are tender too. The test says the problem is in the wall. It does not say what the problem is.
07 · The Usual Suspects
Where the copycats actually live
These are the structures that most often cause pain that got labeled endometriosis. We see them constantly, and the research backs them up.
The C-section scar
The one missed most often, and the easiest to confirm. Most C-sections use a low, side-to-side cut. Researchers followed 866 women who had one. About two years later, 32% still had pain at the scar. It was moderate or severe in 7%. Of the women who got examined, more than half had a trapped nerve.53 Pooled studies put lasting wound pain after a C-section at 15% by three months, and 11% at a year or more.54,55 A trapped nerve happens after an estimated 2% to 4% of these cuts.56
Trapped belly wall nerves
Small nerves run from your back around to the front of your belly. They pass through a gap in the sheath that wraps your six-pack muscle. They can get pinched right there. The giveaway is one spot the size of a fingertip that is extremely tender, hurts more when you tighten your stomach, and calms down with a well-placed shot.51 This is a pinched nerve, not a muscle knot. Different problem, different treatment.
Pelvic floor muscles
Two muscles inside the pelvis can be checked by hand, and different examiners get the same answer.57 Tenderness in one of them lines up with trouble emptying your bladder, feeling like you did not finish a bowel movement, and pain when you go.43 That set of symptoms sounds like organ disease. It is not. Newer ultrasound work links specific tender spots to specific symptoms, including groin pain.58
Where the ribs meet the low back
The one most likely to be missed completely, because the pain shows up far from the problem. At the spot where your ribs end and your low back begins, irritated nerves can send pain into your lower belly, your groin, and your pubic area. Researchers call this “pseudovisceral,” meaning it feels like an organ but is not.59,60 There is human evidence that this causes lasting testicle pain in men.61 And there are published cases where a mid-back problem looked exactly like appendicitis.62
The fascia of your low back
The best-proven fascia pain source on this list. In blinded human experiments, researchers injected salty water into three tissues in the low back: muscle, the fat under the skin, and the fascia. The fascia hurt more, and the pain spread farther.63 A nerve growth chemical makes fascia more sensitive than muscle, over a bigger area.64 And in animal recordings, 87% of the spinal cord cells that got signals from low back fascia also got signals from other deep tissues. Half of them also got signals from the skin of the belly wall.65 That is a wiring explanation for why back fascia can be felt in your stomach.
Two more muscles belong on this list. The iliopsoas runs deep through the front of your hip. The quadratus lumborum sits in your side and low back. Both often cause deep groin, lower belly, and flank pain that people describe as feeling “inside.”
We will be straight about the evidence here. The idea that muscles send pain to distant places is well proven, and has been since 1938.66 But the specific maps of where each muscle sends pain come from one source: Travell and Simons’ trigger point manual. That is expert clinical description, not tested research. We use those maps every day, because they work. We are not going to dress them up as something they are not.
08 · Finding the Source
How a fascial map finds what nobody else could
Everything in section 07 is a guess about anatomy. The real question is how to prove which structure is causing the pain in your body. That is what Fascial Mapping is for. And we want to be clear about when it makes sense.
Fascial Mapping is not a routine first scan. We use it when nobody can find the cause. Clean imaging. An exam that showed nothing. Maybe surgery already happened. And it still hurts. That describes a lot of the women reading this section.
Why a regular scan keeps missing it
An MRI is a photograph of a body lying still. But fascia hurts when it is loaded and pulled. A person lying still in a scanner is in the one position where the painful tissue is not doing the thing that makes it hurt.
That is a big reason so many women with real belly wall or pelvic floor pain get told their imaging is normal. And then get told the pain must be their endometriosis. Because what else could it be?
What a mapping visit actually involves
- · Moving ultrasound, done by the physician. Not a technician taking still pictures. We watch the tissue while you move. Tighten your belly. Bear down. Twist. Arch. Layers that should slide past each other and do not are obvious in motion, and invisible at rest.
- · Pressing with the probe. We press with the ultrasound probe while watching the screen, trying to bring back your exact pain. Not just “that’s tender.” The specific pain you came in describing. When you say “that’s it, that’s the pain,” and we can see which layer the probe is on, the guessing is over.
- · Mapping the wall layer by layer. Skin. Fat. Three layers of side muscle. The six-pack muscle and its sheath. The thin fascia under that, and the lining of the abdomen below it. Plus the nerves crossing through. Pain in the wall and pain behind the wall feel identical to you. They do not look identical on ultrasound.
- · Checking your scars. We map C-section, hysterectomy, and laparoscopy scars on purpose. Where are the layers stuck? Does a nerve run into scar tissue? Is the tender spot in the wall, or deeper?
- · Confirming with a test shot. When mapping finds a likely source, we place a small amount of numbing medicine into that exact layer, watching on ultrasound. That tests the idea. The logic comes from section 06. The precision is what the ultrasound adds.
What you get out of it
A map. An actual list of named structures, ranked, with the confirmed ones marked. That is the product.
And it is what makes step two possible. You cannot choose between a nerve release, a fascia release, pelvic floor therapy, shockwave, and a trip back to your gynecologist until you know what you are aiming at. Most of the women we see have had step two tried over and over. Step one never got done.
A map also tells us when the answer is not fascia. A clean fascial map in a woman with severe period pain, deep pain with sex, and painful bowel movements is useful information. It points back toward the pelvis, and toward a surgeon who specializes in removing endometriosis. And it does that based on something we looked at, not something we assumed.
There is randomized evidence that numbing medicine in the belly wall does something real. That trial used freehand shots, though, not ultrasound-guided ones.51 Using ultrasound to find pelvic floor trigger points is still at an early stage.58 There is no agreed-on ultrasound definition of a muscle knot in the belly wall or pelvic floor. In fact, even the hands-on exam for pelvic floor muscle pain is not standardized.44
So here is what Fascial Mapping is. It is a way to find the source, using moving ultrasound, confirmed by a numbing shot. It is not a validated test with published accuracy numbers. We think it beats a still picture and a guess. We are not going to claim more than that.
When the map finds a stuck layer
Sometimes mapping finds a specific adhesion. Two layers that should slide, stuck together. Hydrofascia Release™ is how we treat that. HFR is a fascial hydrodissection. They are the same thing, not two treatments. We use ultrasound to guide fluid into the space between the stuck layers. It is the only way to release a fascial adhesion in real time — watched separating on the screen as it happens, instead of guessed at afterward from how someone feels.
09 · Both At Once
When the endometriosis is real and so is the fascia pain
This is the most common situation of all. It is also where “is it endometriosis or is it muscle?” stops making sense. Usually it is both. And there is a reason why.
Inflammation inside drives lasting pain outside
Nerves from your pelvic organs and nerves from your belly wall, pelvic floor, and low back all feed into the same section of your spinal cord. When an inflamed organ keeps sending signals, those shared spinal cells get turned up. The result is real pain and real tenderness in the muscles. It lasts long after, and separate from, the organ.
- · In an animal study, endometriosis alone caused no pain behavior. A kidney stone alone caused none either. Together, the endometriosis animals showed more stone pain, new pain behaviors specific to the uterus, and much more muscle tenderness. Bigger growths meant more pain, in a straight line.67
- · Endometriosis growths grow their own nerve supply.68,69 And removing them before those nerves develop stops the pain sensitivity from ever setting in.70 That is a strong argument for treating this disease early instead of waiting.
- · In humans, women with both kidney stones and painful periods have more of both pains than women with just one. They also have more tenderness in the low back and belly muscles. Treating either condition improved the other. But this does not happen with every pair of organs. It failed for gallstones and kidney stones.71
High pain sensitivity predicts who surgery will fail
This is the most useful finding in the whole field. And most patients never hear it before they agree to an operation.
- · 239 women were scored before endometriosis surgery, using a questionnaire that measures how turned-up your pain system is. Higher scores before surgery meant worse pain after surgery, even after accounting for how much pain they started with. The authors said it directly. Use this score beforehand to find the people likely to still hurt afterward.41
- · In a separate study, women who scored above the cutoff were three times as likely to say hormone treatment did not help. And twice as likely to have daily pain.72
- · The same score also predicts when medicine will fail, not just surgery.
To be fair to the other side: this is a questionnaire, not a lab test. And it does not match laboratory measures of pain sensitivity very well. Reported rates in endometriosis run from 11% to 58%, mostly because different studies define it differently. But the surgery finding holds up. That is why we check this before anyone operates, instead of after.
And treating the muscle side works
- · A trial across 11 centers in North America studied 81 women with bladder pain and tender pelvic floor muscles. Half got targeted hands-on muscle therapy. Half got general massage. 59% of the targeted group improved, versus 26%.73 That is a condition treated as an organ problem, improved by treating muscle.
- · 60 women had already had their endometriosis removed. They had been in pain for almost nine years on average. A combined program cut their pain scores from 7.45 to 4.12 in three months. The program was ultrasound-guided trigger point shots, nerve blocks, pelvic floor therapy, and counseling.74 It had no control group and only three months of follow-up. Read it against that 30% fake-surgery response. But it is the closest published program to what we actually do.
If you have endometriosis, treating the muscle and fascia part is not instead of treating the disease. It is the part nobody did. And if you are thinking about surgery, knowing your pain-sensitivity score and your fascial map first tells you something real about how much that surgery is likely to help.
10 · Medicines Worth Watching
Low-dose naltrexone and GLP-1 drugs: what makes sense, what’s proven
We wrote this section without trial numbers on purpose. Both of these are areas of early, active research. The gap between “this makes biological sense” and “we have human results in endometriosis” is wide. And a lot of confident content online is way out ahead of the evidence. We would rather explain the thinking honestly than quote a number that does not support what it is being used for.
Low-dose naltrexone
At normal doses, naltrexone blocks opioid receptors. Doctors use it in addiction treatment. At very low doses — a small fraction of the usual amount, mixed by a compounding pharmacy — it seems to work a different way. It calms the immune cells in your nervous system that amplify pain. It may also nudge your body into making more of its own natural painkillers.
The reason it is interesting here is the fit, not the proof. Endometriosis pain has a clear nerve-inflammation piece and a turned-up-pain-system piece, as section 09 explained. LDN’s best human evidence comes from other conditions with that same signature. Fibromyalgia most of all, where small trials showed benefit. Inflammatory bowel disease as well. Trials in endometriosis and pelvic pain are early and still running.
Here is what we can say fairly. It is off-label. It needs a compounding pharmacy. It is cheap. And most people tolerate it well, with vivid dreams and broken sleep in the first few weeks being the usual complaints. It is not a replacement for finding the source of the pain. But in the right patient — a high pain-sensitivity score, pain in many places, and a poor response to both hormones and surgery — it is a reasonable thing to try while we do the mechanical work. We will not promise you a success rate. The endometriosis data to quote one do not exist yet.
GLP-1 drugs
There is real reasoning here, and no human endometriosis results to back it up yet.
Body fat is not just storage. It makes estrogen. In a disease that feeds on estrogen, that matters. GLP-1 drugs also lower markers of inflammation throughout the body, partly separate from weight loss.
Put those together, and a drug that lowers fat-made estrogen and body-wide inflammation is an interesting idea in an estrogen-driven, inflammatory disease. That is a hypothesis. It is not a treatment claim. Anyone telling you GLP-1 drugs treat endometriosis is ahead of the research.
Where this gets practical for our patients is the overlap group. Hypermobile women. Women with mast cell symptoms. Women with lipedema and metabolic problems alongside pelvic pain. We do run a physician-directed GLP-1 program for that group, with slow dose increases and monthly labs, because these patients often do badly on standard protocols. That work is described on our FLIP program page, and in Dr. Courseault’s commentary on GLP-1, mast cells, and the hypermobile body.
Two proven things that get skipped
Hormone suppression is still the first medicine for endometriosis. ACOG’s 2026 guideline says clearly that you do not need surgery before starting it.10 And pelvic floor physical therapy has randomized evidence behind it for pelvic pain with muscle findings.73 Neither one is new. Both are underused. And both should usually be in place before anyone tries something experimental.
11 · Machines and Devices
Shockwave, TECAR, and PEMF: where they fit, and where they don’t
None of these treats endometriosis. A shockwave head or a radiofrequency electrode does nothing to endometrial tissue growing in your pelvis. We are not going to suggest otherwise. What they treat is the muscle and fascia part — the part a fascial map found and a numbing shot confirmed.
Shockwave
Sound pulses aimed at a set depth in the tissue. They work through mechanical stress. New blood vessels form, local pain chemicals shift, and dense, disorganized tissue remodels. The strongest evidence is in tendon problems, plantar fasciitis, and muscle knots. There are randomized trials in men with chronic pelvic pain. Evidence in women’s pelvic pain is thin. We use it on a mapped muscle or fascia target in the belly wall, the buttock, or the low back. Shockwave at FIT →
TECAR
A form of radiofrequency that pushes energy into tissue as heat and electrical current. It warms and loosens a broad area, rather than one pinpoint spot. That makes it useful for widespread fascia tightness, and as a warm-up before hands-on work or shots. The published trial base is small. TECAR is at our Los Angeles location, not New Orleans — Human TECAR Therapy →
PEMF
Low-strength pulsing magnetic fields. The proposed mechanism involves how cells move ions across their walls, and local blood flow signals. It is very low risk and comfortable. That makes it a good fit for sensitized patients who cannot yet tolerate hands-on treatment or shockwave, which is common in hypermobile women. The evidence is modest, and the effects are not large. We use it as a helper and a bridge, not a main treatment. PEMF at FIT →
The order matters more than the machine. A shockwave treatment aimed at the wrong structure is a waste of your time and your money. Plenty of clinics sell exactly that. Map first. Confirm with a shot. Then pick the tool. And expect the tool to change as the map changes.
12 · What We Don’t Claim
Red flags, and the mistake we work hardest not to make
This article argues one direction. Pain labeled endometriosis is often fascia. The opposite mistake is just as harmful. And a fascia clinic is exactly the kind of place where it could happen.
There is published research on endometriosis growing into nerves and looking exactly like a nerve or muscle problem.75 Deep disease can involve the nerves running to your leg and pelvis. Pain that looks like fascia is sometimes the disease. We look for this. And when we find it, the right answer is a surgeon, not a shot.
Here is what makes us look elsewhere, or send you elsewhere, instead of treating fascia:
- · New pelvic symptoms after menopause. Also bleeding after menopause, losing weight without trying, constant bloating, a belly that keeps getting bigger, feeling full after a few bites, a fixed lump in the pelvis, or symptoms that keep getting worse and are not tied to your cycle. These are ovarian cancer warning signs. They get worked up, not treated.
- · A lump in the belly wall. A positive tenderness test says the problem is in the wall. It does not say what the problem is. Endometriosis in a C-section scar — classically, pain and swelling that come with your period — plus tumors and hidden hernias all present this way.
- · Two uncommon hernias: Spigelian and obturator. Both are often impossible to see or feel. Both can strangle, which is an emergency. And both cause exactly the deep, hard-to-pin-down lower belly or groin pain we see all day. These need imaging, not assumptions.
- · Inflammatory back pain. A form of spinal arthritis can look just like muscle pain in the low back and buttock. In our view it is the most important thing to catch in this group. Warning signs: morning stiffness lasting over 30 minutes, pain that wakes you in the second half of the night, pain that gets better with exercise rather than rest, and buttock pain that switches sides.
- · Fever, unusual discharge, or a mass near an ovary. A pelvic infection is not a fascia problem.
- · Pudendal nerve pain, interstitial cystitis, and pelvic vein problems. All real. All separately diagnosable. All need a different path.
And plainly: some of this we will not be able to fix. Some pain comes from disease that needs a surgeon. Some comes from a nervous system that will take a long time, and a lot of coordinated work, to calm down. We will tell you which one we think you are. And we would rather tell you early than sell you a package.
13 · How We Work
Two steps — and they’re the same two steps for everybody
Step one: find the real source of the pain. Not an area. Not a guess. The exact tissue. That means your history. A real hands-on exam, including the tighten-your-stomach test and an internal pelvic floor check. Moving ultrasound with probe pressure. And targeted numbing shots to confirm.
Step two: find the right tool or tools, and use them in the right order. Hydrofascia Release for a confirmed stuck layer. Nerve hydrodissection for a confirmed pinched nerve. Pelvic floor physical therapy for the pelvic floor. Shockwave, TECAR, or PEMF for a mapped fascia target. Hormone suppression, a surgeon, or both for the disease itself. Medicine for a turned-up nervous system. Metabolic and connective tissue work where that is what is holding you back.
We do specialize in athletes. The approach for everyone else is exactly the same. We say that on purpose, because women with pelvic pain have spent years being handled differently. A pro fighter chasing a title. A teacher who cannot make it through the school day. A nurse on her feet for twelve hours. A grandmother who wants to pick up her grandchild. The stakes are different. The process is identical.
And when it works, we are not quiet about it. Watching a woman who spent nine years being told the pain was in her head walk out after we showed her, on a screen, exactly which layer of her belly wall was causing it — that is the best part of this job.
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This article is for education. It is not medical advice, and it is not a diagnosis. It does not replace a visit with your own doctor. Endometriosis is a serious condition that needs care built around you. Nothing here is a reason to delay or skip that care. Low-dose naltrexone and GLP-1 drugs are discussed here as areas of early research. They are not approved to treat endometriosis, and any use would be off-label. Shockwave, TECAR, and PEMF treat muscle and fascia pain. They do not treat endometriosis. Results vary from person to person.
